Fissured tongue is a Benignity condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in the dorsum of the tongue. Although these grooves may look unsettling, the condition is usually painless. Some individuals may complain of an associated burning sensation.
It is a relatively common condition, with a prevalence of between 6.8%[ FREQUENCY OF TONGUE ANOMALIES AMONG YEMENI CHILDREN IN DENTAL CLINICS Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences] and 11%[ Frequency of Tongue Anomalies in Primary School Of Lahidjan Rabiei M, Mohtashame Amiri Z, Masoodi Rad H, Niazi M, Niazi H. Frequency of Tongue Anomalies in Primary School Of Lahidjan. 3. 2003; 12 (45) :36-42
]] found also in children. The prevalence of the condition increases significantly with age, occurring in 40% of the population after the age of 40.[Geriatric Nutrition: The Health Professional's Handbook, Ronni Chernoff, (Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2006), page 176]
Presentation
The clinical appearance is considerably varied in both the orientation, number, depth and length of the fissure pattern. There are usually multiple grooves/furrows 2–6 mm in depth present. Sometimes there is a large central furrow, with smaller fissures branching perpendicularly. Other patterns may show a mostly dorsolateral position of the fissures (i.e. sideways running grooves on the tongue's upper surface). Some patients may experience burning or soreness.
Associated conditions
Fissured tongue is seen in Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (along with facial nerve paralysis and granulomatous cheilitis). It is also seen in most patients with
Down syndrome, in association with geographic tongue, in patients with oral manifestations of
psoriasis, and in healthy individuals. Fissured tongue is also sometimes a feature of Cowden's syndrome.
Cause
The cause is unknown, but is most likely a genetic trait. Aging and environmental factors may also contribute to the appearance.
Prevalence
It is a relatively common condition, with an estimated prevalence of 6.8%
–11%.
Males are more commonly affected. The condition may be seen at any age, but generally affects older people more frequently. The condition also generally becomes more accentuated with age. The prevalence of the condition increases significantly with age, occurring in 40% of the population after the age of 40.
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